it was not an ordinary accident

According to one of the website the Masvingo-Harare road is a two lane route. The place where the crash occurred is on a kilometre-long (0.6 miles) stretch of clear road, sandwiched between two commercial farmlands. As the nation ponders on the latest tragedy, many questions are being asked and concerns are being raised over the security of government officials. How a convoy of three vehicles, with one in the middle carrying the second most important person in the land, got involved in a car crash, is what has perplexed me.

How the oncoming lorry, which apparently belonged to a partner of the US government aid agency USAID, is thought to have crossed into the prime minister's path, sideswiping the right bumper of Mr Tsvangirai's Land Cruiser, which then rolled off the highway?

If you look at the circumstances surrounding the accident, they show that there is not as much security as one would have wanted, not that you can prevent an accident, but I'm sure it must give a lot of lessons about the security framework. I have learnt that when Mugabe travells he goes with the minimum of fifteen vehicles, motor bikes and ambulances.

It's very depressing, I think happening within the first three weeks of the new inclusive government. It's unfortunate that the public will find it unbelievable and that could threaten the whole framework of the new government, especially with another cresh of onether MDC leader when he was from the Suzen Changarai funeral.

It is supprising to hear that at the clinic where Mr Tsvangirai was treated, there was heavy security, state agents and armed police. It appeared like a state expression of loyalty, to avoid giving any credence to conspiracy theories.

I couldn’t agree more with the Zimbabwen Minister of Finance Tendai Biti that Logic would have demanded that police escort be provided to warn other traffic... and this tragedy could have been avoided.

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Ri a tea u divha nga vhahali na mvelelo yashu ya tshivenda

Ranga sedza ano maduvha ri kho thudzela mvelelo kule, ra dovha ra rahela kule vhahali vhashu ngeno rikho hulisa vhathu vha nnda. Ndi amba izwi ndo di sendeka ka fhungo leli la u di hangwisa vha hali vhashu vha Venda, vhathu vhangaho vho Mphephu na vho Makhado. Hezwi ndi kho zwi ambiswa ndo lavhelesa zwithu zwingaho hezwi:
1. Radio I ambaho nga luambo lwadamuni (Phala Phala FM) na yone ikho shela mulenzhe kha u vhulaya mvelele na divha zwakale ya tshivnda. Ndori ndo thetshelesa (station feed back) nga la 12 March 2009 nga awara ya 20:00-21:30 ndapfa munwe muthetshelesi atshi amba nga fhungo leneli la usa amba maduvha a mabebo a mahosi ashu a venda ngeno ro to ima lurandala na u hasha maduvha a mabebo avho (Hitler) vhathu vha seli. Mulanga tshititshi odo di imelela nga uri zwidodombezwa zwa mahosi ashu azwiho kha lubuvhi sefa (internet). Nda di vhudzisa uri ezwi zwine nda dzulela uzwivho duvha na duvha ndi mini?. Radio (phala Phala) a I kho difha tshifhinga tsha u sefa zwidodombedzwa zwa mahosi ashu ano nga vho Mphephu, Makhado etc vhunga zwi hone kha lubuvhi sefa(internet) hezwino ndi kho amba.

2. Mitambo minzhi ya tshivenda tshivenda i no hudza mvelelo yafa na zwikoloni. Mitambo ingaho zwigombela I vho vhulawa zwikoloni zwinzhi, heyi mitambo yovha itshivha I kho imbwa itshi renda mahosi ashu na mashango shu a venda. Heyi mitambo yo dzhielwa vhu imo nga mitambo ingaho majorethe na zwinwe.

Ndi toda u fhana ndivho na vhavhali vha blog yanga uri ndi ngani zwizwa ndeme uri ri hudze mvelele.

Sialala ndi yone thikho ya lushaka, ri tea udi tongisa ngayo. Mvelele ya sialala i thusa u tutuwedza vhana uri vha di bvise kha mikhuvha mivhi i sa fhatiho.Uya nga vharangaphanda vha Vhavenda ndi zwa ndeme uri vhana vha divhe sialala lavho ngauri zwi thusa kha uri vha si hangwe mvelele ya havho.Vha tenda uri u vhulunga mvelele a zwi thusi fhedzi kha u divha iyo mvelele, zwi dovha hafhu zwa thusa uri zwa makwevho na mbambadzo (ikonomi) zwi aluwe.
Mvelele i dovha ya thusa uri vhaswa vha si milwe nga dzinwe mvelele na vhumatshelo havho vhu vhulungee. Musi zwi tshi senguluswa, vhadivhi vha zwa mvelele vha tendelana uri lushaka lu sina mvelele lwo xela. Vhunzhi ha matula ane a khou bvelela musalauno sa vhugevhenga, madwadze angaho sa HIV/AIDS, u tangana ha vhathu vha malofha mathihi zwi khou badekanywa na u xela ha mvelele.

Ndo vhona zwizwa ndeme u dzhenisa zwi dodombezwa zwa vhahali vhashu uri na vhane vha sefa lubuvhi sefa wa zwiwane u leluwa.

Patrick Mphephu
Chief Patrick Ramaano Mphephu (1924-17 April 1988) was the first president of the bantustan of Venda, which was granted nominal independence from South Africa on 13 September 1979.
Mphephu was born in Dzanani settlement and after graduating from high school worked for the Johannesburg City Council. A paramount chief of the Venda ethnic group, he was appointed Chairman of the Ramabulana Regional Authority in 1959, Chief Counsellor of the Venda Legislative Assembly on 1 June 1971 and Chief Minister of the two discontiguous territories on 1 February 1973 when South Africa first implemented the black homeland policy. Mphephu was reelected in elections in August 1973 and his title changed to President upon independence. As President, he was also leader of the Venda National Party, the only recognized political party in the new state. Mphephu died in office and was replaced by his finance minister, Chief Frank N. Ravele.

Khosi Peter Toni Mphephu Ramabulana
born 2nd August 1972 at Nzhelele, educated at Dzanani and Nzhelele Primary Schools, then at Mphephu High School till 1990 and at the University of the North, crowned November 1998 at the Dzanani Palace in the presence of Nelson Mandela, presently he is in the process of transforming the institution of traditional leadership to enable it to be more responsive to today's socio-economic challenges that continues to confront the Venda people.

Khosi THOHOYANDOU [Phophi]
king of the last group of immigrants to arrive in Venda, to the Nzhelele Valley. He conquered and absorbed the inhabitants there and established an empire like structure and his hegemony covered the area from Zambezi to modern Pietersburg, with Dzata as the capital of Venda. He disappeared mysteriously into the unknown and was the last of the kings to have ruled a united Venda kingdom, after his death his sons set up independent chiefdoms, married and had issue. He died about 1790.

Khosi MAKHADO RAMABULANA [Tshilwavhusiku, meaning "Night Fighter"]
Chief of the line of Thohoyandou, 9th in the genealogy of Venda Chiefs, he imposed his rule over all of Venda and was known as the Lion of the North due to his successes against the Boers; married (amongst others), Midana of the Phahwe, and had issue. He died 1895.(#1)

Izwi zwitovha masuto huna mahosi manzhi ,ndi amba divha zwakale ya o hafha kha lubuvhi sefa (internet). Vhathu litshani u isa phungo ya u ri divha zwakale ya mahosi a vho rine a iho kha lubuvhi sefa.

For more also check
"http://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahosi"
http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/southafrica/venda.html

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Famous Venda people

Rudzani Ramudzuli
Ice p (Lusunzi)
Phillip Ndou
professor Tshilidzi Marwala
professor Mulalo Doyoyo
Professor NR Madadzhe
Professor NM Milubi
Joel Netshitenzhe
Alfred lusunzi
Sidney Mufamadi
Cyril Ramaphosa
Thovhele VhoKennedy Tshivhase (self-proclaimed King of Venda)[6]
Mukoni Ratshitanga
Maduvha Madima
Mbulaheni Charles Mphephu
Mmbara Hulisani Kevin
Mbulaheni Mulaudzi
Lukhwareni
Stanley Liphadzi
Aluwani Dzhivhuho
Lusani MafunzwainiRe.
Thivhilaeli Simon nedohe
Lufuno Lefty maphala
WMRD PhophiSS Madima
Muleya Tshimangadzo
Muleya Shonisani(Ashifashabba)
Diniel Mambushu Mudau
Joyce Mashamba
Adam Ndou
Masala Ndou
Joe Mafela
Mulondo Sekwivhilu
Rendani Sekwivhilu
J Netshipise
Jimmy Netshilulu

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Elim

An Analysis of how Limpopo Women in Elim Negotiate Meaning of HIV/AIDS Television Advertisements.

Elim is an area in the Limpopo province, 25 km east of Louis Trichardt and 125 km away from Polokwane. It has divers’ cultural groups, which are Vhavenda, and Tsonga. Elim is in Vhembe District which has the highest population in Limpopo province with estimated 1.3 million people (Vhembe District Municipality 2008:1). Elim encompasses areas like Mpheni, Watervaal, and sherly.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
HIV/AIDS pandemic is a global health problem. South Africa is regarded as having the most severe HIV epidemic in the world (UNIAIDS, 2008:8). UNAIDS (2008:8) Global Report, estimated that 5.2 million South Africans were living with HIV at the end of 2007 compared to 5.4 million of 2006. Although the prevalence rates have begun to stabilize, the epidemic has already had a profound impact on many aspects of South African society. Moreover its effects on the country’s demographic structure and its economic, education, and health sectors will be worsened if more is not done to stem its tide. (UNAIDS, South Africa, 2007:5).

HIV/AIDS Prevalence differs across the country and among different segments of the population. The sentinel surveys annually carried out by the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) since date shows that in 2007 Limpopo has 20.7 million of HIV/AIDS prevalence. In the year 2006 total number of 53 815 deaths were estimated, and of these death number, 26 404 (50.9%) were females and slightly more, 27 410 (49.1%) were males (Limpopo Department of Health: 2007 11). Furthermore Young South Africans are highly vulnerable to human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) transmission. (Fatima Hassan in Department of Health, 2006:17).

Women are the most infected and affected. Almost 61% of adults living with HIV in 2007 were women (UNIAIDS, 2007:8). Women are infected at higher rates owing to biological as well as social cultural practices (e.g. women’s low social status, culturally accepted inheritance discourses of widows and widowers, traditional and religious beliefs, polygamy and traditional healers’ discourses) that inhibit women’s control over their bodies (UN, 2004:6). The HIV/ AIDS prevalence continues to increase especially among women, thus, posing challenges to both prevention and treatment efforts. (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008:45)

In South Africa It is estimated that 75% of the population has access to television (Nancy Coulson, 2006:1). South Africa has TV, radio programmes and mass media advertising that talk about HIV/AIDS prevention, for example Love live. There are condoms in South Africa, but condom use is still very low. (National Department of Health, 2006:15)

The impact of HIV/AIDS messages on target audiences has been the subject of studies by several media theorist (e.g. studies by Philo, 1993: 154; Kitzinger, 1993:202 and Kelly, 2000:190; Hungwe, 2006). According to Hungwe, (2006:85) the influence of religious practices in shaping the meanings also arose in the discussion of condoms. Women incorporate their religious beliefs into their sexual practices and rejected messages that advocate condom use. Nonhlanhla (2001:239) argues that South African women are at high risk of HIV/AIDS epidemic due to an apparent gap between awareness and practice.

Gender inequality is the major reason for women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. They suffer discrimination, deprivation and exclusion simply because of their gender. Thus, women are less able than men to exercise control over their bodies and their lives and have little, if any influence over their partners’ sexual behavior. (Mehta, 2006: 318).

Demography
The data collected shows that the samples of 68.2 percent of women in Elim have gone to school, where as 31.8 percent of the women have never gone to school. On the 68.2 percent of women who have gone to school, include only 8.7 percent who have attended tertiary, 40.4 percent attended primary school and 19.1 percent attended high school. It was then deduced that majority of Elim women are educated, but they have not furthered their studies. Most of them have gone to school so that they can be able to write their name. So it is difficult for them to interpret the meanings that HIV/AIDS prevention messages promulgate, as encoders prefer.

89.4 percent of women in Elim have access to television. This really shows that that majority of the women in Elim are exposed to the HIV/AIDS prevention messages. While on the issues of love relationships, the sample of 89.4 percent of Elim women are in love relationships, and only10.6 percent are not in love relationships. 42.5 percent of women are involved in polygamous and unfaithful relationships. And the majority of women which is 57.5 percent say they are not in polygamous relationship. Though the researcher deduced that Elim woman are still at high risk looking at the number of women who are in polygamous relationships. The research also discovered that only 17.0 percent of women use condom.

The majorityof women 57.4 percent in Elim believes in protestant (Christianity, etc), while 40.4 percent believes in African Tradition and only 2.1 percent in Roman Catholic.

Research by Muleya Tshimagadzo
For more info contact @Muleya@mailbox.co.జా

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An Analysis of how Limpopo Women in Elim Negotiate Meaning of HIV/AIDS Television Advertisements

By Muleya Tshimangadzo

ABSTRACT
This study takes the form of a quantitative audience reception analysis; to investigate how a particular group of female audiences situated in Elim negotiate televised HIV/AIDS prevention advertisements. It was drawn from the theoretical framework of Hypodermic needle theory, cultural studies, reception analysis and Social marketing.

It probes the way which the social situations influences the audiences’ acceptance or rejection of preferred readings encoded in the texts by the producers of messages. Data for the investigation was collected through questionnaire method. The findings established that the female audiences’ interpretations of HIV/AIDS messages were informed by their lived experience, pre-existing knowledge as well as their social intersection with other messages.

Based on the findings it can be concluded that, in converse to earlier beliefs of media theories such as that of the “hypodermic needle” theory, which believed that the audiences of the media are passive recipient, the audience is active in the production of meaning.

Demography
The data collected by show that the samples of 68.2 percent (thirty two) of women in Elim have gone to school, where as 31.8 percent (fifteen) of the women have never gone to school. On the 68.2 percent (thirty two) of women who have gone to school, include only 8.7 percent (four) who have attended tertiary, 40.4 percent (nineteen) attended primary school and 19.1 percent (nine) attended high school. The majority of Elim women are educated, but they have not furthered their studies. Most of them have gone to school so that they can be able to write their name. So it is difficult for them to interpret the meanings that HIV/AIDS prevention messages promulgate, as encoders prefer.

Majority of women 89.4 percent (forty two) of women in Elim have access to television. This really shows that that majority of the women in Elim are exposed to the HIV/AIDS prevention messages. While on the issues of love relationships, the sample of 89.4 percent (forty two) of Elim women are in love relationships, and only10.6 percent (five) are not in love relationships. The research also discovered that only 17.0 percent (eight) of women use condom.

Vhembe District

Vhembe District Municipality

A map of South Africa showing Vhembe (within Limpopo province)
Vhembe is one of the 6 districts of Limpopo province of South Africa. It is the northernmost district of the country and shares its northern border with Beitbridge district in Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. The seat of Vhembe is Thohoyandou. The majority of its 1 199 856 people speak Venda (2001 Census). The district code is DC34.

History
Vhembe was originally settled by now-expired tribes of Khoisan peoples. It was later settled by the Venda people (recently migrated from what is now Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe), who constitute a majority of the population of Vhembe today. The Dzata ruins in Thulamela local municipality once served as the main settlement and capital of the Venda empire which had dominated the area during the 18th century.
Boer settlement of the territory began in the late 18th century and gradually upsurged throughout the 19th century. By the turn of the century, the Soutpansberg was taken by the Boers from the Venda rulers, making it one of the last areas in the future republic of South Africa to come under white rule. During the apartheid era, the bantustan of Venda (declared independent in 1973) was established in the eastern part of the Vhembe area, and was reintegrated into the country at the end of white minority in 1994. The former bantustan capital, Thohoyandou (named after a chief that had led the expansion of the Venda empire in the 18th century) is the current capital of both Vhembe district and Limpopo province.
On December 11, 2008, Vhembe was declared a disaster zone by the Limpopo government due to the spread of cholera across the Zimbabwean border to the district.

Contents[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Neighbours
2.2 Local municipalities
3 Demographics
3.1 Zimbabwean migrants
3.2 Gender
3.3 Ethnic group
3.4 Age
4 Politics
4.1 Election results

Sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhembe_District_Municipality
Vhembe District Municipality Official Website
Municipal Demarcation Board
Stats SA Census 2001 page
Independent Electoral Commission 2004 election results

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