Rudzani Ramudzuli
Ice p (Lusunzi)
Phillip Ndou
professor Tshilidzi Marwala
professor Mulalo Doyoyo
Professor NR Madadzhe
Professor NM Milubi
Joel Netshitenzhe
Alfred lusunzi
Sidney Mufamadi
Cyril Ramaphosa
Thovhele VhoKennedy Tshivhase (self-proclaimed King of Venda)[6]
Mukoni Ratshitanga
Maduvha Madima
Mbulaheni Charles Mphephu
Mmbara Hulisani Kevin
Mbulaheni Mulaudzi
Lukhwareni
Stanley Liphadzi
Aluwani Dzhivhuho
Lusani MafunzwainiRe.
Thivhilaeli Simon nedohe
Lufuno Lefty maphala
WMRD PhophiSS Madima
Muleya Tshimangadzo
Muleya Shonisani(Ashifashabba)
Diniel Mambushu Mudau
Joyce Mashamba
Adam Ndou
Masala Ndou
Joe Mafela
Mulondo Sekwivhilu
Rendani Sekwivhilu
J Netshipise
Jimmy Netshilulu
If you have something to say, spit it out!! Clik comment to add you view. The administrator Mr muleya will take it from there!!
Saturday, February 28, 2009
Elim
An Analysis of how Limpopo Women in Elim Negotiate Meaning of HIV/AIDS Television Advertisements.
Elim is an area in the Limpopo province, 25 km east of Louis Trichardt and 125 km away from Polokwane. It has divers’ cultural groups, which are Vhavenda, and Tsonga. Elim is in Vhembe District which has the highest population in Limpopo province with estimated 1.3 million people (Vhembe District Municipality 2008:1). Elim encompasses areas like Mpheni, Watervaal, and sherly.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
HIV/AIDS pandemic is a global health problem. South Africa is regarded as having the most severe HIV epidemic in the world (UNIAIDS, 2008:8). UNAIDS (2008:8) Global Report, estimated that 5.2 million South Africans were living with HIV at the end of 2007 compared to 5.4 million of 2006. Although the prevalence rates have begun to stabilize, the epidemic has already had a profound impact on many aspects of South African society. Moreover its effects on the country’s demographic structure and its economic, education, and health sectors will be worsened if more is not done to stem its tide. (UNAIDS, South Africa, 2007:5).
HIV/AIDS Prevalence differs across the country and among different segments of the population. The sentinel surveys annually carried out by the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) since date shows that in 2007 Limpopo has 20.7 million of HIV/AIDS prevalence. In the year 2006 total number of 53 815 deaths were estimated, and of these death number, 26 404 (50.9%) were females and slightly more, 27 410 (49.1%) were males (Limpopo Department of Health: 2007 11). Furthermore Young South Africans are highly vulnerable to human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) transmission. (Fatima Hassan in Department of Health, 2006:17).
Women are the most infected and affected. Almost 61% of adults living with HIV in 2007 were women (UNIAIDS, 2007:8). Women are infected at higher rates owing to biological as well as social cultural practices (e.g. women’s low social status, culturally accepted inheritance discourses of widows and widowers, traditional and religious beliefs, polygamy and traditional healers’ discourses) that inhibit women’s control over their bodies (UN, 2004:6). The HIV/ AIDS prevalence continues to increase especially among women, thus, posing challenges to both prevention and treatment efforts. (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008:45)
In South Africa It is estimated that 75% of the population has access to television (Nancy Coulson, 2006:1). South Africa has TV, radio programmes and mass media advertising that talk about HIV/AIDS prevention, for example Love live. There are condoms in South Africa, but condom use is still very low. (National Department of Health, 2006:15)
The impact of HIV/AIDS messages on target audiences has been the subject of studies by several media theorist (e.g. studies by Philo, 1993: 154; Kitzinger, 1993:202 and Kelly, 2000:190; Hungwe, 2006). According to Hungwe, (2006:85) the influence of religious practices in shaping the meanings also arose in the discussion of condoms. Women incorporate their religious beliefs into their sexual practices and rejected messages that advocate condom use. Nonhlanhla (2001:239) argues that South African women are at high risk of HIV/AIDS epidemic due to an apparent gap between awareness and practice.
Gender inequality is the major reason for women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. They suffer discrimination, deprivation and exclusion simply because of their gender. Thus, women are less able than men to exercise control over their bodies and their lives and have little, if any influence over their partners’ sexual behavior. (Mehta, 2006: 318).
Demography
The data collected shows that the samples of 68.2 percent of women in Elim have gone to school, where as 31.8 percent of the women have never gone to school. On the 68.2 percent of women who have gone to school, include only 8.7 percent who have attended tertiary, 40.4 percent attended primary school and 19.1 percent attended high school. It was then deduced that majority of Elim women are educated, but they have not furthered their studies. Most of them have gone to school so that they can be able to write their name. So it is difficult for them to interpret the meanings that HIV/AIDS prevention messages promulgate, as encoders prefer.
89.4 percent of women in Elim have access to television. This really shows that that majority of the women in Elim are exposed to the HIV/AIDS prevention messages. While on the issues of love relationships, the sample of 89.4 percent of Elim women are in love relationships, and only10.6 percent are not in love relationships. 42.5 percent of women are involved in polygamous and unfaithful relationships. And the majority of women which is 57.5 percent say they are not in polygamous relationship. Though the researcher deduced that Elim woman are still at high risk looking at the number of women who are in polygamous relationships. The research also discovered that only 17.0 percent of women use condom.
The majorityof women 57.4 percent in Elim believes in protestant (Christianity, etc), while 40.4 percent believes in African Tradition and only 2.1 percent in Roman Catholic.
Research by Muleya Tshimagadzo
For more info contact @Muleya@mailbox.co.జా
If you have something to say, spit it out!! Clik comment to add you view. The administrator Mr muleya will take it from there!!
Elim is an area in the Limpopo province, 25 km east of Louis Trichardt and 125 km away from Polokwane. It has divers’ cultural groups, which are Vhavenda, and Tsonga. Elim is in Vhembe District which has the highest population in Limpopo province with estimated 1.3 million people (Vhembe District Municipality 2008:1). Elim encompasses areas like Mpheni, Watervaal, and sherly.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
HIV/AIDS pandemic is a global health problem. South Africa is regarded as having the most severe HIV epidemic in the world (UNIAIDS, 2008:8). UNAIDS (2008:8) Global Report, estimated that 5.2 million South Africans were living with HIV at the end of 2007 compared to 5.4 million of 2006. Although the prevalence rates have begun to stabilize, the epidemic has already had a profound impact on many aspects of South African society. Moreover its effects on the country’s demographic structure and its economic, education, and health sectors will be worsened if more is not done to stem its tide. (UNAIDS, South Africa, 2007:5).
HIV/AIDS Prevalence differs across the country and among different segments of the population. The sentinel surveys annually carried out by the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) since date shows that in 2007 Limpopo has 20.7 million of HIV/AIDS prevalence. In the year 2006 total number of 53 815 deaths were estimated, and of these death number, 26 404 (50.9%) were females and slightly more, 27 410 (49.1%) were males (Limpopo Department of Health: 2007 11). Furthermore Young South Africans are highly vulnerable to human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) transmission. (Fatima Hassan in Department of Health, 2006:17).
Women are the most infected and affected. Almost 61% of adults living with HIV in 2007 were women (UNIAIDS, 2007:8). Women are infected at higher rates owing to biological as well as social cultural practices (e.g. women’s low social status, culturally accepted inheritance discourses of widows and widowers, traditional and religious beliefs, polygamy and traditional healers’ discourses) that inhibit women’s control over their bodies (UN, 2004:6). The HIV/ AIDS prevalence continues to increase especially among women, thus, posing challenges to both prevention and treatment efforts. (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008:45)
In South Africa It is estimated that 75% of the population has access to television (Nancy Coulson, 2006:1). South Africa has TV, radio programmes and mass media advertising that talk about HIV/AIDS prevention, for example Love live. There are condoms in South Africa, but condom use is still very low. (National Department of Health, 2006:15)
The impact of HIV/AIDS messages on target audiences has been the subject of studies by several media theorist (e.g. studies by Philo, 1993: 154; Kitzinger, 1993:202 and Kelly, 2000:190; Hungwe, 2006). According to Hungwe, (2006:85) the influence of religious practices in shaping the meanings also arose in the discussion of condoms. Women incorporate their religious beliefs into their sexual practices and rejected messages that advocate condom use. Nonhlanhla (2001:239) argues that South African women are at high risk of HIV/AIDS epidemic due to an apparent gap between awareness and practice.
Gender inequality is the major reason for women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. They suffer discrimination, deprivation and exclusion simply because of their gender. Thus, women are less able than men to exercise control over their bodies and their lives and have little, if any influence over their partners’ sexual behavior. (Mehta, 2006: 318).
Demography
The data collected shows that the samples of 68.2 percent of women in Elim have gone to school, where as 31.8 percent of the women have never gone to school. On the 68.2 percent of women who have gone to school, include only 8.7 percent who have attended tertiary, 40.4 percent attended primary school and 19.1 percent attended high school. It was then deduced that majority of Elim women are educated, but they have not furthered their studies. Most of them have gone to school so that they can be able to write their name. So it is difficult for them to interpret the meanings that HIV/AIDS prevention messages promulgate, as encoders prefer.
89.4 percent of women in Elim have access to television. This really shows that that majority of the women in Elim are exposed to the HIV/AIDS prevention messages. While on the issues of love relationships, the sample of 89.4 percent of Elim women are in love relationships, and only10.6 percent are not in love relationships. 42.5 percent of women are involved in polygamous and unfaithful relationships. And the majority of women which is 57.5 percent say they are not in polygamous relationship. Though the researcher deduced that Elim woman are still at high risk looking at the number of women who are in polygamous relationships. The research also discovered that only 17.0 percent of women use condom.
The majorityof women 57.4 percent in Elim believes in protestant (Christianity, etc), while 40.4 percent believes in African Tradition and only 2.1 percent in Roman Catholic.
Research by Muleya Tshimagadzo
For more info contact @Muleya@mailbox.co.జా
If you have something to say, spit it out!! Clik comment to add you view. The administrator Mr muleya will take it from there!!
An Analysis of how Limpopo Women in Elim Negotiate Meaning of HIV/AIDS Television Advertisements
By Muleya Tshimangadzo
ABSTRACT
This study takes the form of a quantitative audience reception analysis; to investigate how a particular group of female audiences situated in Elim negotiate televised HIV/AIDS prevention advertisements. It was drawn from the theoretical framework of Hypodermic needle theory, cultural studies, reception analysis and Social marketing.
It probes the way which the social situations influences the audiences’ acceptance or rejection of preferred readings encoded in the texts by the producers of messages. Data for the investigation was collected through questionnaire method. The findings established that the female audiences’ interpretations of HIV/AIDS messages were informed by their lived experience, pre-existing knowledge as well as their social intersection with other messages.
Based on the findings it can be concluded that, in converse to earlier beliefs of media theories such as that of the “hypodermic needle” theory, which believed that the audiences of the media are passive recipient, the audience is active in the production of meaning.
Demography
The data collected by show that the samples of 68.2 percent (thirty two) of women in Elim have gone to school, where as 31.8 percent (fifteen) of the women have never gone to school. On the 68.2 percent (thirty two) of women who have gone to school, include only 8.7 percent (four) who have attended tertiary, 40.4 percent (nineteen) attended primary school and 19.1 percent (nine) attended high school. The majority of Elim women are educated, but they have not furthered their studies. Most of them have gone to school so that they can be able to write their name. So it is difficult for them to interpret the meanings that HIV/AIDS prevention messages promulgate, as encoders prefer.
Majority of women 89.4 percent (forty two) of women in Elim have access to television. This really shows that that majority of the women in Elim are exposed to the HIV/AIDS prevention messages. While on the issues of love relationships, the sample of 89.4 percent (forty two) of Elim women are in love relationships, and only10.6 percent (five) are not in love relationships. The research also discovered that only 17.0 percent (eight) of women use condom.
ABSTRACT
This study takes the form of a quantitative audience reception analysis; to investigate how a particular group of female audiences situated in Elim negotiate televised HIV/AIDS prevention advertisements. It was drawn from the theoretical framework of Hypodermic needle theory, cultural studies, reception analysis and Social marketing.
It probes the way which the social situations influences the audiences’ acceptance or rejection of preferred readings encoded in the texts by the producers of messages. Data for the investigation was collected through questionnaire method. The findings established that the female audiences’ interpretations of HIV/AIDS messages were informed by their lived experience, pre-existing knowledge as well as their social intersection with other messages.
Based on the findings it can be concluded that, in converse to earlier beliefs of media theories such as that of the “hypodermic needle” theory, which believed that the audiences of the media are passive recipient, the audience is active in the production of meaning.
Demography
The data collected by show that the samples of 68.2 percent (thirty two) of women in Elim have gone to school, where as 31.8 percent (fifteen) of the women have never gone to school. On the 68.2 percent (thirty two) of women who have gone to school, include only 8.7 percent (four) who have attended tertiary, 40.4 percent (nineteen) attended primary school and 19.1 percent (nine) attended high school. The majority of Elim women are educated, but they have not furthered their studies. Most of them have gone to school so that they can be able to write their name. So it is difficult for them to interpret the meanings that HIV/AIDS prevention messages promulgate, as encoders prefer.
Majority of women 89.4 percent (forty two) of women in Elim have access to television. This really shows that that majority of the women in Elim are exposed to the HIV/AIDS prevention messages. While on the issues of love relationships, the sample of 89.4 percent (forty two) of Elim women are in love relationships, and only10.6 percent (five) are not in love relationships. The research also discovered that only 17.0 percent (eight) of women use condom.
Vhembe District
Vhembe District Municipality
A map of South Africa
showing Vhembe (within Limpopo province)
Vhembe is one of the 6 districts of Limpopo province of South Africa. It is the northernmost district of the country and shares its northern border with Beitbridge district in Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. The seat of Vhembe is Thohoyandou. The majority of its 1 199 856 people speak Venda (2001 Census). The district code is DC34.
History
Vhembe was originally settled by now-expired tribes of Khoisan peoples. It was later settled by the Venda people (recently migrated from what is now Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe), who constitute a majority of the population of Vhembe today. The Dzata ruins in Thulamela local municipality once served as the main settlement and capital of the Venda empire which had dominated the area during the 18th century.
Boer settlement of the territory began in the late 18th century and gradually upsurged throughout the 19th century. By the turn of the century, the Soutpansberg was taken by the Boers from the Venda rulers, making it one of the last areas in the future republic of South Africa to come under white rule. During the apartheid era, the bantustan of Venda (declared independent in 1973) was established in the eastern part of the Vhembe area, and was reintegrated into the country at the end of white minority in 1994. The former bantustan capital, Thohoyandou (named after a chief that had led the expansion of the Venda empire in the 18th century) is the current capital of both Vhembe district and Limpopo province.
On December 11, 2008, Vhembe was declared a disaster zone by the Limpopo government due to the spread of cholera across the Zimbabwean border to the district.
Contents[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Neighbours
2.2 Local municipalities
3 Demographics
3.1 Zimbabwean migrants
3.2 Gender
3.3 Ethnic group
3.4 Age
4 Politics
4.1 Election results
Sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhembe_District_Municipality
Vhembe District Municipality Official Website
Municipal Demarcation Board
Stats SA Census 2001 page
Independent Electoral Commission 2004 election results
If you have something to say, spit it out!! Clik comment to add you view. The administrator Mr muleya will take it from there!!
A map of South Africa
showing Vhembe (within Limpopo province)Vhembe is one of the 6 districts of Limpopo province of South Africa. It is the northernmost district of the country and shares its northern border with Beitbridge district in Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. The seat of Vhembe is Thohoyandou. The majority of its 1 199 856 people speak Venda (2001 Census). The district code is DC34.
History
Vhembe was originally settled by now-expired tribes of Khoisan peoples. It was later settled by the Venda people (recently migrated from what is now Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe), who constitute a majority of the population of Vhembe today. The Dzata ruins in Thulamela local municipality once served as the main settlement and capital of the Venda empire which had dominated the area during the 18th century.
Boer settlement of the territory began in the late 18th century and gradually upsurged throughout the 19th century. By the turn of the century, the Soutpansberg was taken by the Boers from the Venda rulers, making it one of the last areas in the future republic of South Africa to come under white rule. During the apartheid era, the bantustan of Venda (declared independent in 1973) was established in the eastern part of the Vhembe area, and was reintegrated into the country at the end of white minority in 1994. The former bantustan capital, Thohoyandou (named after a chief that had led the expansion of the Venda empire in the 18th century) is the current capital of both Vhembe district and Limpopo province.
On December 11, 2008, Vhembe was declared a disaster zone by the Limpopo government due to the spread of cholera across the Zimbabwean border to the district.
Contents[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Neighbours
2.2 Local municipalities
3 Demographics
3.1 Zimbabwean migrants
3.2 Gender
3.3 Ethnic group
3.4 Age
4 Politics
4.1 Election results
Sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhembe_District_Municipality
Vhembe District Municipality Official Website
Municipal Demarcation Board
Stats SA Census 2001 page
Independent Electoral Commission 2004 election results
If you have something to say, spit it out!! Clik comment to add you view. The administrator Mr muleya will take it from there!!
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